India’s Energy Scenario

Energy in India for the Coming Decades Anil Kakodkar Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, India [email  protected] gov. in The reforms initiated in India since the beginning of the nineties have led to rapid economic progress and better growth rates. In the first decade of this century the growth rates seem to be still better. Studies by several academics and consultants forecast continued high growth rate for the next several decades.I’ll quote two such studies, one by Dominic Wilson and Roopa Purushothaman of Goldmann Sachs [1] and the other by Dani Rodrik and Arvind Subramanian of the International Monetary Fund [2]. Wilson and Purushothaman write, â€Å"India has the potential to show the fastest growth over the next 30 to 50 years. Growth rate could be higher than 5 percent over the next 30 years and close to 5 percent as late as 2050 if development proceeds successfully. † Rodrik and Subramanian write, â€Å"†¦.. rowth in capital stock together with growth in factor productivity will yield output growth of 5. 4 percent. Over the next 20 years, the working age population is projected to grow at 1. 9 percent per year.If educational attainment and participation rates remain unchanged, labor growth will contribute another 1. 3 percent, yielding an aggregate growth rate of 6. 7 percent per year, or a per capita growth rate of 5. 3 percent. This is a lower bound estimate and, even so, would be significantly greater than the per capita growth rate of 3. percent achieved in the 1980s and 1990s. Over a 40-year period, a 5. 3 percent growth rate would increase the income of the average person nearly 8-fold. † Growth in economy is made possible by several inputs, the two most important being energy and human resource. In this conference, we are concerned about energy and so I’ll confine myself to energy. Energy is the engine for growth. It multiplies human labour and increases productivity in agriculture, industry as well as in serv ices. To sustain the growth rate in economy, energy supply has to grow in tandem.For a large country like India with its over one billion population and rapid economic growth rate, no single energy resource or technology constitutes a panacea to address all issues related to availability of fuel supplies, environmental impact, particularly, climate change, and health externalities. Therefore, it is necessary that all non-carbon emitting resources become an integral part of an energy mix – as diversified as possible – to ensure energy security to a country like India during the present century.Available sources are low carbon fossil fuels, renewables and nuclear energy and all these should be subject of increased level of research, development, demonstration and deployment. In the Department of Atomic Energy, we have conducted a study with the aim to quantify the likely growth in energy demand in India, and the role nuclear energy has to play in the decades to come. The ultimate objective was to formulate a strategic plan to meet the projected role to be played by nuclear energy [3].Energy intensity of GDP, defined as the ratio of the energy consumption to the GDP, has been observed to follow a certain trend worldwide. Below a certain level of development, growth results in increase in energy intensity. With further growth in economy, the energy intensity starts declining. Based on data by International Energy Agency [4], overall energy intensity of GDP in India is the same as in OECD countries, when GDP is calculated in terms of the purchasing power parity (PPP). Energy-GDP elasticity, the ratio of the growth rates of the two, remained around 1. from early fifties to mid-seventies. Since then it has been continuously decreasing. Electricity is the most important component of the primary energy. Electricity-GDP elasticity was 3. 0 till the mid-sixties. It has also decreased since then. Reasons for these energy–economy elasticity changes are : demographic shifts from rural to urban areas, structural economic changes towards lighter industry, impressive growth of services, increased use of energy efficient devices, increased efficiency of conversion equipments and inter-fuel substitution with more efficient alternatives.Based on the CMIE data [5], the average value of the Electricity-GDP elasticity during 1991-2000 has been calculated to be 1. 213 and that of the primary energy- GDP elasticity to be 0. 907. Estimating the future GDP growth rates of India from the projections made by Dominic Wilson and Roopa Prushothaman [1], taking the primary energy intensity fall to be 1. 2 percent per year [6], extrapolating the electricity intensity fall from past data till 2022 and subsequently a constant fall of 1. 2 percent year, the growth rates of the primary energy and electrical energy have been estimated as follows. Period |Primary Energy |Electricity | | |Percent Annual Growth |Percent Annual Growth | |2002-2022 |4. 6 |6. 3 | |2022-2032 |4. 5 |4. | |2032-2042 |4. 5 |4. 5 | |2042-2052 |3. 9 |3. 9 | These rates are the basis of the projections reported [3]. It may be recalled that historical primary energy and electricity growth rates during 1981- 2000 were 6 percent per year and 7. 8 percent per year respectively.Based on the growth rates given in the above table, per capita electricity generation would reach about 5300 kWh per year in the year 2052 and total about 8000 TWh. This would correspond to an installed capacity of around 1300 GWe. Annual primary energy consumption would increase from about 13. 5 EJ in 2002-03 to about 117 EJ in 2052-53. By then the cumulative energy expenditure will be about 2400 EJ. The present status of various fuel-resources in India is given in the table 1. The domestic mineable coal (about 38 BT) and the estimated hydrocarbon reserves (about 12 BT) together may provide about 1200 EJ of energy.To meet the projected demand of about 2400 EJ, one has to tap all options includ ing using the known fossil reserves efficiently, looking for increasing fossil resource base, competitive import of energy (including building gas pipe lines whenever and wherever permitted based on geo-political considerations and found feasible from techno-commercial considerations), harnessing full hydro potential for generation of electricity and increasing use of non-fossil resources including nuclear and non-conventional.Before proceeding further, I would like to explain the status of nuclear power technology in India. Comprehensive expertise in all aspects of nuclear fuel cycle and Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) has been acquired through self reliant means in India. PHWRs which constitute the mainstay of the first stage of our nuclear power programme are the most efficient systems in terms of uranium utilization and would enable about 10 GWe of nuclear installed capacity with our modest indigenous uranium resources.Having tied up the PHWR programme upto around half way mark, we have now embarked on the development of Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) based second stage of our programme with the construction of the 500 MWe Fast Breeder Reactor launched in October last year. Our studies indicate that we should be in a position to support around 500 GWe power generation capacity based on plutonium bred from indigenously available uranium. This is a part of the strategy of three stage programme formulated by India right in the beginning of the programme aimed eventually at exploitation of our vast thorium resources.With decades of R;D in our laboratories and Industry, India has come a long way since the inception of the programme and the current efforts are aimed at further improving the economy, enhancing safety and expanding the programme to meet the increasing electricity demand in the country. The 540 MWe PHWR unit at Tarapur that went critical on 6th March, about 8 month ahead of schedule is an important landmark in terms of efforts in this directio n. In addition to the indigenous technology, the Indian power programme includes two GE-BWRs which were set up as turnkey projects right at the inception of our programme.While these reactors are running well as a result of comprehensive backfits and upgrades carried out indigenously, our experience in terms of securing reliable fuel supply has not been satisfactory. Two 1000 MWe VVERs are presently under construction at Kudankulan and would contribute additional carbon free electricity to Indian grids when completed. Coming back to the energy growth scenario [3], the study points out that it is necessary to develop metallic fuel for the fast reactors during the next one decade.Metallic fuels have short doubling time and can ensure a fast enough growth in nuclear installed capacity. Assuming that the fast reactors to be set up after 2020 are based on metallic fuel, the study calculates the maximum possible contribution that can be made by nuclear till the middle of the century. Hydr o and non-conventional potential being limited, the remaining demand has to be met by the fossil fuels. The results indicate that it is possible to have one quarter of the contribution coming from nuclear by the middle of the century, if the fast reactor growth follows the course outlined.Even after the growth projected by the study, there will be shortages and the country will continue to import energy as at present. Research and development plans have to be formulated to ensure that new technologies can be deployed to reduce energy imports. Three efforts being made by the Department of Atomic Energy are worthy of mention here in this context. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is working on development of a Compact High Temperature Reactor with the aim of producing hydrogen, which could be the most important energy carrier in the future.Several institutions within the Department of Atomic Energy in India are together working for the development of Accelerator Driven Systems, so that on e could sustain growth with thorium systems and move towards incineration of long lived radioactive wastes. The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), is spearheading the Indian effort in developing a fusion based system for the production of energy. One of the world’s first super conducting steady state tokamak with elongated diverter plasma having 1000 second operation capability is nearing completion at IPR.The Indian population corresponds to one sixth of world population. However, the carbon dioxide emission from India is only around 4% of the global emissions. On the basis of current energy mix and the present day technologies for electricity production, the CO2 emission from India alone could become as much as half of the present level of global emission in a few decades from now. A larger share of nuclear power in India beyond what would be realized through indigenous efforts would, in principle, contribute to further avoidance of CO2 emission which otherwise would be i nevitable.To conclude, the first stage of the indigenous nuclear power programme involving setting up of pressurized heavy water reactors is now in industrial domain. With the start of construction of the 500 MWe fast reactor in October last year, the second stage has been launched. It is time for India to accelerate the implementation of the second stage and development of the third stage of the nuclear power programme. In parallel, India has to continue to work towards development of emerging nuclear energy technologies to address its long term energy requirements which are indeed very large.References [1] Dominic Wilson and Roopa Purushothaman, â€Å"Dreaming with BRICs: the path to 2050† Global Economics Paper No 99, Goldmann Sachs, 1st October 2003. [2] Dani Rodrik and Arvind Subranium, â€Å"Why India can grow at 7 percent or more: projections and reflections†, IMF Working Paper, WP/04/118, July 2004. [3] R. B. Grover and Subash Chandra, â€Å"A strategy for gro wth of electrical energy in India†, Document No 10, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai, India, August 2004. 4] International Energy Agency (IEA), Key World Energy Statistics, 2003. [5] Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) 2002, â€Å"Energy†, April 2002 [6] International Energy Agency (IEA), ‘World Energy Outlook 2002 Highlights’ p 32. Table 1: Primary energy ; electricity resources |   |Amount |Thermal energy |Electricity | | | | |potential |   |   |EJ |TWh |GWYr |GWe-Yr | |Fossil |   |   |   |   |   | |Coal |38 -BT |667 |185,279 |21,151 |7,614 | |Hydrocarbon |12 -BT |511 |141,946 |16,204 |5,833 | |Non-Fossil |   |   |   |   |   | | Nuclear |   |   |   |   |   | | Uranium-Metal |61,000 -T |   |   |   |   | |In PHWRs |   |28. |7,992 |913 |328 | |In Fast breeders |   |3,699 |1,027,616 |117,308 |42,231 | | Thorium-Metal |2,25,000 -T |   |   |   |   | |In Breeders |   |13,622 |3,783,886 |431,950 |155,502 | | Renewable |   |   |   |   |   | | Hydro |150 -GWe |6. 0 |1,679 |192 |69 | |Non-conventional renewable |100 -GWe |2. 9 |803 |92 |33 | Assumptions for Potential Calculations Fossil 1. Complete Source is used for calculating electricity potential with a thermal efficiency of 0. 36. 2. Calorific Values: Coal: 4,200 kcal/kg, Hydrocarbon: 10,200 kcal/kg. 3.Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas [7]has set strategic goals for the next two decades (2001-2020) of ‘doubling reserve accretion’ to 12 BT (Oil + Oil equivalent gas) and â€Å"improving recovery factor’ to the order of 40%. Considering the fact that exploration is a dynamic process and India is one of the les explored countries, reference [3] assumes that cumulative availability of hydrocarbons up to 2052 will be 12 BT. Non-Fossil Thermal energy is the equivalent fossil energy required to produce electricity with a thermal efficiency of 0. 36. Nuclear 1. PHWR burn-up = 6,700 MWd/T of U-ox ide, thermal efficiency 0. 29 2. It has been assumed that complete fission of 1kg. of fissile material gives 1000 MWd of thermal energy. Fast reactor thermal efficiency is assumed to be 42%. Fast breeders can use 60% of the Uranium. This is an indicative number.Actual value will be determined as one proceeds with the programme and gets some experience. Even if it is half of this value the scenario presented does not change. 3. Breeders can use 60% Thorium with thermal efficiency 42%. At this stage, type of reactors wherein thorium will be used are yet to be decided. The numbers are only indicative. Hydro 1. Name plate capacity is 150 GWe. 2. Estimated hydro- potential of 600 billion kWh and name plate capacity of 150,000 MWe gives a capacity factor of 0. 46. Non-conventional renewable 1. Includes: Wind 45 GWe, Small Hydro 15 GWe, Biomass Power/ Co-generation 19. 5 GWe and Waste to Energy 1. 7 GWe etc. 2. Capacity factor of 0. 33 has been assumed for potential calculations.

Korean Wave (Hallyu) in China

â€Å"Korean wave (Hallyu) was coined in China in mid-1999 by Beijing journalists surprised by the fast growing popularity of South Koreans and South Korean goods in China. † However, the phenomenon of Korean wave flows into East Asia especially China during the early twenty-first century. Korean wave covers the craze for South Korean music, TV dramas, pop stars, but also for fashion styles, cosmetics and electronics. There are many reasons causing Korean wave being a popular mass culture in China. Korean wave spread so successful because of the Confucian themes that East Asian cultures are more familiar with, typically dealing with traditional issues such as family, love, and filial piety. China in particular share a similar history with Korea. Furthermore, Korean government propagates their modernization Korean wave through media power. Extensively promoting Korean culture transnational makes it another reason Chinese suddenly start engaging in Korean cultures. As two countries both strongly pay attention to the international culture exchange, people are more likely try to understand and accept it. The effect Korean wave has made on Chinese people is enormous. Daily life like watching dramas becomes popular and the story lines are discussed among youths and housewives. Due to the drama contains everything like music, fashion styles, pop stars and foods. Chinese people start imitating both the way of dressing, make-up putting. Korean restaurants also sprang up quickly like mushrooms. Korean language is also being chosen as students’ third language in order to understand more about the culture. Chinese start travelling to the filming location in Korea so as to enjoy Korean wave natively and it also helps Korean to obtaining another way of economy profit making. Korean traditional ethnics and education view also influenced Chinese people’s life in many ways. Despite those advantages, Korean wave does challenge the Chinese its own culture. Less attention is paid on Chinese its own entertainment industry. As teenagers are the main target audiences under the Korean wave, their world outlook and life values are influenced by it. Korean wave might limits their minds and stop themselves up on the surface. There are two reasons which cause the emergence of Korean wave being widely accepted in China. Firstly and the most important reason is that both Korea and China share a similar history background. Those two countries have had a long historical relationship and both of them are influenced by the spirit of Confucianism. The similar social structure, etiquette and philosophy make Korean wave more acceptable in East Asian countries especially China rather than western countries. Due to globalizations’ rapidly expanding, Chinese people are no longer being confined to American pop culture. However choosing the one which they think is more understandable. Furthermore, the ideology of Confucianism plays an important role in both old days China until now. However, the Chinese Culture Revolution in 1966 has extensively and perniciously damaged the culture understanding which cause the lacking of Confucius value nowadays. Lots of Chinese people can easily trace their traditional values like loyalty, filial piety, benevolence by looking at the Korean drama as those dramas always emphasis on the family relationship and ethnics. Korean dramas are favored because of their richness traditional values which gives a good example showing China how to manage the Confucius value in modern society. It offers both a nostalgic reminder of what has been lost during modernization and an example of an Asian country that has modernized and has retained its traditions. Secondly, since media becomes the global popular culture communicating tool, Chinese people observed that Korean wave is actually a new inspirable culture that they had never experienced before. Depending on the age, interests and values of the spectators, different types of Hallyu have been propagated to different target audiences. Due to the Chinese harsh education system, youths would more likely to accept the new culture with plenty of vigor. Those good-looking pop singer, actor and actress represent the Korean type beauty which is attractive and scintillating. Through both television and internet, young people and women in particular have passion in pursuing their dreaming celebrities and even imitating their way of dressing. Although Korean drama does not have spectacular scene like what Hollywood prefers to have, oppositely the exquisite scene in film and the beautiful actors in drama give people a difference feeling. The Korean public broadcaster KBS has aired its satellite channel â€Å"KBS world† in China for both Korean and foreigners in 2007. KBS hopes their new service can boost Korean wave in China with a population of 1. 3 billion. Moreover, media production is promoted by national policy. Korean government continuously support and promote Korean wave to the whole world by improving their production techniques. The range of implementation of Korean wave expands rapidly as the exposure rate of the word Hallyu increases. Chinese people start to chase the new phenomenon due to the promoting of media. Since the phenomenon of Korean wave flows in to China during the early twenty-first century. The effects that Hallyu has been made largely influenced Chinese people’s daily life, knowledge learning and also largely challenged the development of Chinese its own culture. As TV drama was the first Korean wave imported into China. Watching Korean drama in China is as popular as having Kimchi everyday in Korea. Housewives become the typical group who sit in front of the television and so as youths. The synopsis has been widely discussed at people’s leisure which occupies a large time on their daily life. The successful promoting of Korean dramas is evidenced by the fact that they are now becoming part of the everyday program among different Chinese local television broadcasters. Furthermore even having Korean food, so often appeared in Korean dramas, has become a new fad among Chinese. Thus, Koreans in China and local Chinese people take this as an advantage. So Korean style restaurants sprang up like mushrooms in China especially in big city like Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen. A report in the International Herald Tribune noted that â€Å"South Koreans are only just starting to realize that food can be just as profitable an export as semiconductors. † Dae Jang Geum is the drama which well talks about one girl’s life in the royal court within the traditional Korean culture, royal cuisine and traditional medicine being mentioned as theme. After the drama was exported into China and was very well received. Many restaurants named Dae Jang Geum and attracted consumers by putting Royal court cuisine as their shop sign. Also cited was the new appetite for Korean food in China where â€Å"Korean court cuisine has become immensely popular and sales of hanbok (traditional Korean clothing) and traditional herbal medicine have skyrocketed† Korean food suddenly becomes the most popular cuisine among China. Learning and emulating become another significance effects which putted on Chinese people. Stars of such dramas and pop singers have emerged as Korean popular idols among Chinese teenagers. Regional music channel like Channel V in China featured Korean pop music videos which created so many K-POP fans. They vie with each other in imitating their fashion, hairstyle and also make-up. Even more dramatically, some Chinese women ask plastic surgeons changing their face into the celebrity who they like because of the advanced plastic surgeon technology in Korea. As drama Winter Sonata was played on TV, the main actor- Bae Yong Jun’s fashion style was commonly being imitating among male teenagers. The gentle refined glasses with the special carrying scarf dominated the fashion style during that time. Those style dresses were easily seen on the street. Since people are more curious about Korean culture, study Korean language so as to better understands the meaning of the pop songs and dramas. More students take Korean as their third language after Korean wave has coming into China. Furthermore, Chinese see Korean as a good opportunity having and organizing travel tour. Apart from the well-known destination like Seoul, Seoraksan National Park and Andong, the resort island of Namiseom where Winter Sonata filming took place on turned into a famous travel destination for foreigners. People have desires to see and to feel the beautiful scene by their own eyes. Korean wave offers an opportunity for Chinese to experience the Korean culture and Korean wave also offers Korean itself having the opportunity to show their success in transnational culture delivery. The economy benefits Korea obtained from Korean wave are also enormous. Apart from those stunning things Chinese see from Korean wave, it also challenges Chinese people’s thinking, way of living and its own culture maintenance. The strong propagating of etiquettes and ethnics toward different generation among the entire country from Korean dramas and TV programs provokes Korean’s traditional Confucius ideology. That is the part of important culture which Chinese is losing little by little. Korean wave is not only propagating its popular fashion things but also propagating their social values and life styles. As reported â€Å"Chinese people yearn and dream for a bright life by watching Korean dramas. † People have desire to yearn for the lost ‘love’ in the rapidly growing society. Korean typical love story lines give them any opportunity to escape from the reality and believe that love and beautiful things will always beat evil or malignant behavior. The social values which have been communicated through the drama eep reminding Chinese never throwing away the traditions to modernize the country. Nevertheless, there are also some disadvantages Korean waves deeply influenced China and Chinese people especially youths. Firstly Chinese its own entertainment industry is challenged by the transnational power from Korea. As Korean dramas and K-POP came into China, they have tak en almost eighty percent of teenagers’ audiences concentrating on foreigner culture but forgetting the Chinese native entertainment culture. Secondly, there is a need for greater diversity and choice in education for teenagers. As Chinese people are not growing up in Korea and could not experience the life in real Korea. Misunderstandings will definitely being transferred from one country to another. Teenagers accept the surface of the Korean wave through the most visualized media tool like magazines and televisions. Without parents and the society’s rational guide, teenagers will hard to get a thorough understanding about the culture diversity of the whole world. There are complex reasons for the emergence of the Korean wave suddenly catches Chinese people’s attention. For the great esteem people express for high-quality popular culture goods such as TV dramas, music, fashion-style and even cuisines. It is hard to predict the future for Korean wave whether it will fad or continue shining, however, the transnational culture it has been propagated made a remarkable job already. The extensively effects what Korean wave has made did impact on China and Chinese people’s everyday life. Not only up on the surface such as aesthetic standard, entertainment ways, appetite but also the ethnics on family value, loyalty, filial piety and the inviolability of tradition. The Confucianism ideology connects Korea and China which challenged Chinese people’s thinking. In the mean time, since both of them share the similar culture background, Korean wave is easier to be accepted. Balancing Korean wave with Chinese native culture, Chinese people are also concerning about the invasion of Korean wave. Youths are mostly questioned about their future growth depending on other country’s culture. The transnational culture communications bring disadvantages as well. Reference and bibliography Beng Huat Chua, KI 2008, East Asian pop culture: analysing the Korean wave , Hong kong University press. Cai, J 2008, ‘China's first taste of the Korean wave', Korea. net news, 11 august 2008. Doo-hyong, H 2004, ‘ S. Korean Plastic Surgeons Ride ‘Korean Wave' Into China', Organisation of Asia-Pacific News Agencies, 30 May 2004. koichi, I 2002, From Western Gaze to Global Gaze, New York, London:Routledge, Diana Crrane eds. Mori, Y 2008, East Asian pop culture : analysing the Korean wave / Chapter 6 â€Å"Winter sonata† and cultural practices of active fans in Japan, Hong Kong University Press. Onishi, N 2006, ‘A rising Korean wave: If Seoul sells it, China craves it', The New York Times Seo, JDAY 2004, ‘Korea as the wave of a future:', Journal of Futures Studies, August 2004, pp. pp. 31-44. Shim, D 2006, Hybridity and the rise of Korean popular culture in Asia, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE. The public broadcaster KBS 2007 , ‘South Korean satellite TV to get foothold in China', BBC Monitoring Media, 26 august 2007. Zi, C 2005, ‘KOREAN WAVE IN CHINA', China Daily, 3 december 2005.

The cairn energy and the energy crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The cairn energy and the energy crisis - Essay Example The entire study has been conducted in order to find out the management theories applied to the organization and also the theories which should be followed in future in order to excel in its performance. Introduction The theories of management namely Internal Process Model, Rational Goal Model, Human Relations Model and Open System Model became popular in the sequence stated above in response to the business environmental requirements. The Internal Process Model can also be termed as professional bureaucracy or Weberian Bureaucracy. In this model it is assumed that the efficiency of the worker would grow if they are kept under policies and procedures. Their responsibilities should be clearly defined, positions should be organized in a hierarchy of authority, standard rules and procedures should be guiding all in the organization, promotion and selections should be done on the basis of employees’ technical abilities, decisions should be recorded and well maintained in written f orm and last but not the least in this bureaucratic scenario the employees in an organization should be uniformly guided by policies and procedures (Boddy, 2008). ... The leaders were task and goal oriented where human relations did not have any value. Time came when the Rational Goal Model started to be obsolete since it is very difficult to suppress the humane feelings of employees for a longer time, and relationships among the co workers started taking the greater priority for determining the efficiency level of the employee in an organization. Hence the Human relations theory propagated by Elton Mayo took birth through a series of studies at Hawthorn plant of the General Electric Company. The better the relations among the co workers the higher the productivity would be. The theory also suggested that the empathetic behavior of supervisor and his attention to the employees also enhances their productivity. Thus the human relations theory of management was successful in its approach. In modern times the business environment has become very dynamic and unstable (Boddy 2008). To complement the other three approaches the fourth theory which evolve d was the Open systems model. In this model the organization in a business environment would be required to accept the input received from the outer environment and accordingly modify its own system of work, policies and procedures (Boddy 2008). This paper shows the application of the mentioned management theories in case of Cairn Energy especially in the midst of energy crisis. Application Cairn Energy is a one of the biggest and prominent oil and gas companies in Europe. It is based in Edinburg with main interest in India and Greenland. It finds its name on the list of London Stock Exchange. The company produces oil and gas assets across the world with key focus in South Asia, comprising of more than 40 discoveries in the nations of India (focus on Rajasthan with

Psychology- Counseling - Dying to be thin Essay

Psychology- Counseling - Dying to be thin - Essay Example The consequences of the disease can be seen in most aspects of the physical body, including the potential for death. The starvation, which is part of the restrictive eating that progressively lowers the body weight, can create a situation within the body from which recovery is no longer possible, the victim wasting away into death. The treatment for this disorder includes creating acceptance in order to combat the denial and health considerations that include gaining weight under the care of a doctor. The issues that bring on this disease can include traumas that include circumstances that are beyond the control of a child, thus creating the need for that child to find a way to control something in their life. The ability to control the intake of food becomes one way to assert his or her ability to have control. Another driving factor in the development of body distortion issues is the high level of media objectification of women and the way in which they are defined through standard s that few women can attain. This social pressure combines with the ideas of perfection and control in order to create the psychological stew in which the disease is formed. In addition, social networks on the internet are now providing forums through which community can be found for those who are still deluded and believe that it is a lifestyle. As well as community, dangerous tips are given about how to combat the recognition of parents and doctors of the existence of the disease within those who are suffering under it’s delusions. Defining Anorexia Nervosa The disease of anorexia nervosa is defined by a internalized belief that the body is not thin enough. The psychology of the victim is framed by a warped sense of their own image, a belief that their body is carrying too much weight and by controlling how much weight they carry, they will be controlling an aspect of their emotional life that is outside of their control. It is the internalized belief that through starvatio n or binging, they have grasped hold of something within their experience that has remained illusive. However, the disease is an obsession and has nothing to do with having true control over one’s life. The disease will then take control, leaving all other aspects of life outside of the concerns of food intact, exercise, and the movement of the scale as it moves lower and lower. Anorexia is defined by changes in eating behaviors as they become compulsive, obsessive, and attached to perceptions of body image. The division between what is a change in diet and what is a slip into anorexic behavior is a blurred line that happens at different points for different people. The most difficult problem in identifying anorexia is that the perception of the body has become greatly distorted throughout society through the objectification of an unreasonable weight ratio through media representation. According to Lucas (2004) it is common in studies of college age women to find that half wi ll display abnormal attitudes and distorted perceptions of their bodies. This, despite its close identification with anorexic tendencies, represents a social problem as it invades the population rather than a spike in the occurrence of the disease (p. 20). In order for a diagnosis to be made, physiological and

Is Education a Privilege or a Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is Education a Privilege or a Right - Essay Example Because many governments claim a democratic approach, every individual should have some say in how their education system is run. Obviously, democracy allows a majority control at any given moment; this of course can have a direct effect on how education is approached. If a government or society truly embraces freedom then by default this should mean that the individual can decide what they want for themselves as long as those decisions do not harm another human. When it comes to education if a family wants to utilize a charter school, private school, online school or even home based education then this is their prerogative and should be allowed. Society should never invade the individual’s choices and decisions for its own benefit. The family and individual are the only ones capable of making the decision to educate and how to do so. While it should be noted that uneducated individuals are generally not going to make a good living this is not a reason to force a decision on t hese individuals. Personally I feel that every individual should gain a solid education and have continuing education, this however is a personal approach and should not be taken as a mandate. Privilege,. (2011). Definition of privilege.

Performance Assessment and Gifted Students Essay

Performance Assessment and Gifted Students - Essay Example Study shows that students of these days are almost changing the old education system due to being able to grasp ideas fast and easily. Though not all students are gifted and talented, many of them are able to excel in other different fields at school. With libraries having been incorporated in the learning curriculum, students have made good use of the facilities and have come up with their own research plans and projects. The libraries also encourage students to study ahead of their teachers, where they make use of a variety of materials apart from the normal class notes given by their teachers. Research shows that giftedness can be found in all cultures and can be expressed in different ways. Every individual usually has some hidden potential which, if given a little push could be unleashed. This is because despite having the gifts and talents, some students might just sit on them without taking any step to exploit them. It is thus the reason that teachers, parents and guardians sh ould take note of the gifted students and look out for the untapped hidden ability in them (Sarouphim 277). To start with, one must adopt a broader view of the idea of intelligence, giftedness, and talents that goes beyond the academic performance of an individual and which includes a wide variety of human abilities. Before beginning the process, it is also important to pay attention to the different kinds of giftedness that exist in an individual. These may include; emergent giftedness, potential giftedness or high-potential giftedness (Calero, Belen and Robles 176). The authors also provided that the reasons for having this procedure was because the giftedness or creativity level in a person was also affected by other external factors other than the individual’s own abilities. Such include; the socio-environmental variables, which may either hinder or optimize the abilities. This is mainly due to the fact that the environment with which a person grows up in can to a great e xtent affect how he or she exploits his or her talents. Study shows that individual’s performance could be affected by cultural and environmental factors, especially those in underrepresented communities (Sternberg and Reis 142). The extent to which an individual exploits their abilities is also said to depend on their gender. This is greatly affected by the research results which indicate that men are said to be more competent than women and, thus, their performance it deemed to be also better (Gorman and Kmec 841). This extensively affects the mentality of women and thus, very few of them will be willing to exploit their gifts and talents. Otherwise, others will sit on them and do nothing due to fear. Research also indicates that the performance of women will also be affected by the fact that no one pays attention or cares about their hidden abilities. Performance assessment of verbal and math achievement in students showed that the level of giftedness in students also diff ered in terms of gender. By use of the Internal/External Frame Model, (I/E Model) both males and females were found to be similarly gifted in the way that they formed their verbal and math self-concepts. However, the results of their scores were found to be completely different. Female students were found to be more

Domestic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Domestic Violence - Essay Example Domestic violence has ruined the peace of the society. More and more people are falling into depression and anxiety with the grief of a lost or killed child, parent, sibling or spouse. Ethical dilemma to domestic violence: The ethical dilemma to domestic violence can be understood with the help of an exemplary case study. Let’s suppose that a woman who mothers three children gets hurt by her husband. She approaches a counselor who has newly started his career. The woman tells the counselor that she is physically abused by her husband. The counselor advises the woman to seek divorce and take her kids with her away from the husband. But the woman can not do that as she is afraid her husband would find and kill her along with her children if she attempts escape. In such a case, the counselor feels too inexperienced to give an informed suggestion. If he tells the authorities about this, his competence as a counselor would be suspected. If he gives a decision as he considers approp riate, this might take away four lives. Thus, the counselor is put into ethical dilemma because of the domestic violence experienced by his client. Likewise, several other points can be made from the same case study. Some common forms of abuses in domestic violence: Some of the most common forms of abuses people experience in the domestic violence are physical abuse, sexual abuse, social and emotional abuse, isolation, intimidation, discrimination, racism, threat and neglect. Each of these can be further divided into many forms of violence like punching, hitting, pulling, pushing, restraining, kicking and even hugging. Potential consequences of domestic violence: Consequences of domestic violence are very alarming. It causes homelessness. In order to escape interaction with the dangerous people, people put themselves into social exclusion. Many women who are offered physical, sexual, emotional or verbal abuse by their husbands take divorce get separated from them. This not only dist orts the whole family setup but also ruins the future of the children. Dysfunctional families, broken homes, depression, social exclusion and suicide are some of the potential consequences of domestic violence (Schweitzer, 2011). My stance on domestic violence and the basis for that: I hate domestic violence. I believe that domestic violence ruins the whole society by distorting the family system. I believe that in order to make a healthy society, people need to live in a strong family system. Almost all religions require their followers to live in nuclear family system. In a nuclear family system, everybody has well defined roles and responsibilities. A father earns bread for the family, while a mother nurtures the children. The children are perfectly brought up with the mutual efforts of both the mother and the father. The broken families harm the psychology of the children along with the separating partners, and they are not able to play a constructive role in the society. Applic ations that can be made to me professionally as a member of the Criminal Justice System: As a member of the Criminal Justice System, I can receive applications to make rational decisions and formulate policies that would address the individualistic concerns of the victims. â€Å"Professionals in criminal justice are called upon to enforce laws and also to implement policies. Policies can be formal or informal.† (Pollock, 2010, p. 154). Formal policies are formulated by the government’

Managing and Leading Quality Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Managing and Leading Quality Services - Essay Example The policy that selected to audit is ‘Promoting Positive Behaviour’. My workplace caters for children with Additional Support Needs (ASN) and these children often display a range of extremely inappropriate behaviours such as spitting, hitting, kicking and throwing. Both in terms of individuals and as part of such an establishment, we have a duty of care and a responsibility to ensure the safety of the children as well as the staff members. With this in requirement mind it is clear to me that it would be appropriate to audit our current policy of ‘Promoting Positive Behaviour’. This is a generic policy published by the local authority and it does not take into account the varying needs of children whom my organization serves. There are some issues arising from the absence of a clear policy or guidelines on how to promote positive behaviour imbedded into the practice of my establishment. The Rationale, Justification and Purposes: Rationale: Proper discipline i s a mandatory prerequisite for facilitating good learning. No matter the nature or extent of indiscipline, it is an obstacle to both teaching as well as learning. At the organisation, I think that every child has a right to access the best education which can be offered in partnership among school, community and the parents. The organisation’s Positive Behavior Policy forms part of â€Å"Safeguarding Policy Portfolio† (Promoting Positive Behavior n.d.) and exhibits our commitment to safeguarding the welfare of all students. Thus, our organization needs to focus on reliable, strong and fair management of learner behavior to establish a safe, congenial and purposeful atmosphere in which every child may develop his or her complete potential. Providing such a high quality learning atmosphere is a significant precondition for learners to attain the maximum possible levels of achievement. â€Å"Parents, teachers, and students work together to create an environment that is s afe and supportive and that promotes learning. It encourages children to think and learn actively and to be hopeful, trusting, loving and healthy† (Positive Behavior Policies and Procedures 2010, p. 2). Every child will also be asked to conform to the principles and rules of the school and parents will be kept educated so that they can support and encourage the use of system. The policy for promoting positive behavior is mainly based on encouragement through recognition of the positive aspects in children. This, in turn, will inspire them to mould their behavior appropriately. Also, when other children observe such encouragement, it will motivate them to imitate such behavior. The policies of the organization must reflect the policies and guidelines of the present local authority and government. At the same time, as procedures symbolize an accomplishment of policy and must evolve over time as new apparatus emerge, new processes will be planned, and the risks connected with an area modified in response to changes in the external or internal environment. Justification: There have been numerous initiatives and investigations in the UK over the last several years with regard to promoting and encouraging positive approaches to behavior and actions. Schools report that their chief concern relates to low level interruption although there are some schools and students that experience severe problems. â€Å"The school needs to be confident that its policies and practices in relation to behavior are positive and

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 Research Paper

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 and 1840s - Research Paper Example The expansion that took place in the period between 1783 and 1840 is the reason behind the large size of the USA and its current strong economic position. Is also led to the end of slave trade in the USA The first expansion of the USA took place in 1783 after the treaty of Paris which brought to an end the revolutionary war. England agreed to the claims of the Americans to own the southern land which included the great lakes and the Mississippi river (Rothman 57). The Americans were not successful in getting the Gulf of Mexico, and it remained under ownership of Spain. The next expansion of the United States took place in 1787 whereby the US expanded with the Northwest ordinance of 1787 (Rothman 116). This ordinance established the Northwest Territory, which covered states such as of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The expansion is renowned for having banned slavery in the north of Ohio River. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson talked terms of the purchase of the French claims on the Louisiana territory which they had previously obtained from the Spain. The negotiations were secret, and it is believed that the president purchased the territory at a price of $15million. The land purchased included the western half of the Mississippi river, and it doubled the initial size of the USA. The purchase also extended to the Gulf of Mexico, which was very productive in agriculture. Settler’s movement to the Louisiana territory raised the question of slave trade. The settlers applied for statehood after reaching a number of 60000 and in 1819, it officially became a slave state (Morgan 34). Before 1810, the country had occupied most parts of the Mississippi river but had little control over its mouth which was located in the Spanish Florida (Shelly 239). In 1810, the United States seized the western part of Florida, and it led to the outbreak of war between the Spaniards and the Americans (Smith 17). However, the Spaniards relented since

European settling in America Essay Example for Free

European settling in America Essay The discovery of the Americas was one of the biggest events in history. But some tend to look over the fact that the discovery of the Americas led also to the discovery of Native American groups who were already settled here. So did the Europeans really have the right to settle in the Americas? The Europeans had every right to settle in the Americas. They had this right because no nation or form of government had been established here. If a nation or government had been established, then it would be a different story. The problem with the Native Americans was that they were so sparsely spread out around the Americas. If they had all been in one large area things possibly could have gone better for them than they did. The Europeans did have every right to settle in the Americas, but they had absolutely no right to dispossess Indians of their land. The Indians had settled here years and years before the discovery of the Americas by the Europeans. The Indians had somehow ventured over to the Americas, just as the Europeans had done, and made a home here. Europeans had no right to take that away from them. The Europeans should have been more compassionate towards the Native Americans. They should have respected the fact that they had settled here first, but human pride got in the way and they wanted what they couldnt have. The Europeans lied, cheated , and stole from the Indians making for a very confrontational accommodation. This is not the way they should have gone about this. Many things could have been done to aid in a more peaceful accommodation. First and foremost, the Europeans could have settled anywhere else in the Americas, whereas it is very large with plenty of land. If they really wanted the specific land the Indians were on they could have coincided with them. They could have lived in peace amongst each other. The two cultures could teach other new things, and help one another. If this still didnt work, the Europeans could have peacefully negotiated with the Indians, no violence or deceit involved. Sadly, the Europeans hearts werent in the right place when they came across the Indians, and most of the Europeans wanted the Indians gone or exterminated. As Christians, we are supposed to help others and be compassionate. Had the Europeans approached the Indians with this mindset things could have been done more peacefully between the two cultures.

Our Religion Does Not Define Us Theology Religion Essay

Our Religion Does Not Define Us Theology Religion Essay Our religion does not define who we are regardless to popular belief. Our religion is only a part of who we are if we let it. Not everyone that practices a religion knows everything about it or even accepts it. Some people have a religion just because everyone else has one, and most people have a religion because they were brought up in it. The human mind is easily convinced to do and believe things when it is young and fragile. As a child, you listen to your parents, obey them and learn from most things they do we stand on the shoulders of others to get to the next level (Fraklin). Most people choose their religion based on the religion their parents practiced. Our religion could affects many aspects of our lives depending on how deeply we believe in it; this includes the way we see others, the way we act, and the way we influence those around us. Our faith in our religion can always be seen in the way we live our lives, nevertheless it does not define who we are. As humans, we learn everyday of our lives, introducing us to new things which indirectly change our point of view on certain things in our lives; we begin to see things in different ways and accept somethings we thought was wrong but some people still somehow let their religion come in the way of how they see these things, even though they have a different op inion on some matters they feel like they are obligated to believe whatever their religion asks of them. For those who accept this changes, it could bring about a big difference in their life. I believe no one can tell what religion is right or wrong because no one knows everything. Most people like to be right in most situations, so whenever they are asked what religion is right, it is quite normal for them to say theirs is right. Not everyone tries to realize that the same way they think their religion is right could be the way another person sees his as the right one The easy confidence with which I know another mans religion is folly teaches me to suspect that my own is also (Mark Twain). With what we know, religion might not even exist, which is why I believe that everyone should respect each others point of view on any situation God has no religion (Mahatma Gandhi), personally I think all that matters to God, if there is one, is the good and bad that people do. It is easy to t hink someone is wrong, when you think you are right even though you might be wrong. An example is the apology of Socrates. Socrates was a simple minded person who never thought himself to be more than he was. The fact that he acknowledge his ignorance makes him a wise person (Plato), most believers are ignorant of other religions, yet they believe their religion is the right one while others are not even though they do not know much of the one they criticize. Children learn most things from their parents and those around them. Growing up, children are taught what is right and wrong by their parent or guardian, and that helps them in deciding for themselves when they are adults. It is very common for a parent to take their children to where they worship, and as they grows they learn from their parents faith, making them believe in their religion. The reason why people rarely change their religion is because they grow in it and that makes it more of a lifestyle to them rather than something they learned. Most religions like Christianity has been made in a way that you are not allowed to question some of the things you might not agree with. Some of the stories and rules we learn from our religious books sometimes seem wrong and sometimes we might find some not quite sensible, but we have also learned that we have no right to question the things that happened in them, we just have accept it. The story of Job is one that should bring every Chr istian to question their God as to why he made a man go through so much, just to test his fate. Job was a faithful Christian, but he was tested by Satan with the permission of God; he lost everything he had and was terribly ill, with no help from anyone (The story of Job). Everything that happened to him is something no Christian would accept from any other person, it would not matter what reason they might have to do that, it will be considered bad, but when it is God that did this to a man just to test his faith, they are not allowed to question him. Even though Job went through a lot of things, he never questioned God. When believers feel angry towards God, most of them think it is a wrong feeling and they are not able to express themselves to other believers because they feel judged, guilty, and ashamed (julie and joshua). Every religious belief has its good and bad parts, some that we agree on and others that we dont, but the fear that has been put into us from when we were young is what makes us accept it even though we have other opinions. The fear of a god could make anyone do anything. The story of how Abraham is a great example. Abraham was willing to kill his only child because God asked him to do so, even though that was his only child and he knew he will never have any other child, he was still willing to kill his child And it happened after these things that God tested Abraham. And He said to him, Abraham! and he said, here I am. And he said, take, pray, your son, your only one, whom you love, Isaac, and go forth to the land of Moriah and offer him up as a burnt offering on one of the mountains which I shall say to you (Abraham and Isaac). Despite how deep our faith might be and how well we understand a religion, we still put in our own interpretation to it just to make it suit us. Lailak ask ed are we supposed to interpret the Bible in our own way?. Lone77star answered that we all have our own path to choose, he explained by saying he had his own interpretation and would not want anyone to follow it blindly (hubpages). Not every Christian that reads the Bible understands it, and not every Muslim that reads the Quran understands it. This is the reason there are pastors and Islamic leaders teaching their religion. Even though this people are seen as the holy ones, they also interpret the religion in a way they see fit. Religion is not just one thing, it is a way of life in which people design for themselves; everyone has their own unique religion because we all see and interpret things in different ways. Some people believe they are Christians because they go to the church. This is simply their interpretation of being a Christian Anyone who thinks sitting in a church can make you a Christian must also think sitting in a garage can make you a car (Garrison. goodread), it d oes not matter how much a person attends a church or pray, it is their heart towards things that defines them. The actions they take and how they deal with things. The most annoying people are those who try to get people into their religion; this is basically asking others to think like they do and see things from their own perspective. Christians believe that God created humans And God created the human in his image, in the image of God He created him, male and female He created them (Genesis). Christians accept and believe this theory. In some way this affects their way of living because they think they owe their existence to someone. They live most of their life trying to please someone they have never seen Religion has convinced people that theres an invisible man living in the sky. Who watches everything you do every minute of every day. And the invisible man has a list of ten specific things he doesnt want you to do. And if you do any of these things, he will send you to a special place, of burning and fire and smoke and torture and anguish for you to live forever, and suffer, and suffer, and burn, and scream, until the end of time. But he loves you. He loves you. He loves you and he needs money (George Carlin). The misinterpretation of religion could lead to disagreement, conflicts and even death. When people have different interpretation of what their religion says, it is very easy for them to disagree on most things. Some Muslims have been killing for years, and they believe what they are doing is right. They believe they can do anything as long as they ask for forgiveness. Religion has caused most of the wars the world has ever known. God says we should love our neighbors has we love ourselves. Anyone could interpret this the way they want, some would say it means to love your family, and others might think it means to love everyone love your fellow as yourself (livneh). Some people believe in God just so they have someone to blame when they are in trouble When people experience traumatic or highly stressful events, a common response is to blame God (Julie and Joshua), to these people God is just a figure they run to whenever they are in trouble or need someone to blame for their own fau lts and weaknesses. They do not fully understand the concept of God, but they feel that they need him. Our religion does not define who we are, what makes us who we are is what we accept our religion to be, our interpretation of it, and the choices we make through them. The Bible teaches about loving one another love your fellow as yourself (livneh), this is hard sometimes because some people are just hard to love. No matter how you try to get close to them, they still somehow do not accept you. Some Christians are this way, even though the bible says they should love one another. The bible also mentions not having hate towards a fellow human you shall not hate your kinsman in your heart (livneh), yet there are several Christians who have hate in their heart towards someone in their family, and people in the church. Even though the law of the bible ask them to love and never hate, this does not define them.

Essay --

Depression is defined as being in a state of sadness or unhappiness. Doctors do not know the exact causes of depression, but they believe it’s chemical changes in the brain. All ages, races, and ethnic groups can experience depression. Most people who do experience it need treatment to get better. Many famous women have also battled with depression. Actress Ashley Judd, model Paulina Porizkova, Actress Catherine Zeta-Jones, singer and actress Gwyneth Paltrow, and singer and actress Demi Lovato. Demi Lovato had an eating disorder at the age of eight and started cutting at the age of eleven. She was bullied for being ‘fat’ so she used to overeat to cope, which turned into a lifelong struggle with food. In 2010 she had an altercation with one of her background dancers and decided to leave the Jonas Brothers Tour. After that, she decided to check into a mental facility. Today, she still battles with depression, her eating disorder, and alcohol abuse but is learning to get better. Depression is not overrated and should be taken seriously as a mental illness. Depression is most common in women. The rates are twice as high as they are in men. According to the National Mental Health Association, about one in every eight women will develop depression at some point during her lifetime. Women’s symptoms are similar to major depression. Some of them include being in a depressed mood, loss of interest in activities you used to like, feelings of guilt and hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts or recurrent thought of death. Women tend to blame themselves, feel anxious and scared, and avoid conflicts at all costs. They also use food, friends, and love to self-medicate. Some causes of depression in women are premenstrual problems, pregnancy and inf... ...ock therapy. Treatment for depression includes medicine, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. If someone is thinking about suicide or is very depressed and cannot function, they need to be admitted into a hospital. Antidepressants are medicines used to treat depression. They help bring the chemicals in the brain to the normal level and relieve syndromes. If the patient feels as though the medication isn’t working, their doctor should be called. However, if you feel so, you shouldn’t change them on your own without the permission of the doctor. Psychotherapy is to help you understand why you’re feeling the way you are. Depression is a real mental illness and you can tell by all the things these people go through during it. A lot of people have to experience this in their lives. Depression is not overrated and should be taken seriously as a mental illness. â€Æ'

Conquering the Texas Frontier :: essays research papers

Conquering the Texas Frontier When looking at the vast lands of Texas after the Civil War, many different people came to the lands in search for new opportunities and new wealth. Many were lured by the large area that Texas occupied for they wanted to become ranchers and cattle herders, of which there was great need for due to the large population of cows and horses. In this essay there are three different people with three different goals in the adventures on the frontier lands of Texas in its earliest days. Here we have a woman's story as she travels from Austin to Fort Davis as we see the first impressions of West Texas. Secondly, there is a very young African American who is trying his hand at being a horse rancher, which he learned from his father. Lastly we have a Mexican cowboy who tries to fight his way at being a ranch hand of a large ranching outfit. Emily K. Andrews, wife of Col. George Andrews of Fort Davis, starts her journey in mid summer around the Austin area. She travels with others as they make their way East. Through her journal entries to her father, we can see that this was no easy trip. She seems to be used to a solid roof over her head, as well as a non-dirt floor. She tells that on many occasions of the threat of Indians, and how ruthless they are, keeping her distance and even sleeping "with one eye open" while in the camps along the way. Being a woman out on the frontier she does not seemed to be scared yet comes off as being rather brave and very smart. Her descriptions of the land and the towns they encountered along the way are very precise and if it had been possible for other females to read would have set their minds at ease. In her journal she talks about how inviting the other frontier people are and how reassuring that is to help keep her mind off the ever threatening Indian attacks. On the other hand there were people trying to settle and make a living for themselves, especially after the freeing of all the slaves. Will Crittenden is one of those people. He was born in Texas after his father moved here from Alabama. Will had been taught about being a horse rancher at the age of 5 from his father and now at the age of 15 was ready to go out on his own.

Augustan Poetry Essay -- Literature

Augustan Poetry Often through hardship and nearly insurmountable difficulty great works of art are born. Although years of bloodshed and civil war had plagued Rome since the death of Julius Caesar, some of the most powerful and influential literature in the western world was developed in that timeframe. During the Age of Augustus (approximately 43 BC – 17 AD) such great writers as Virgil, Horace, Livy, Propertius, and Ovid created epic masterpieces of literature and philosophy. It was through the collective efforts of these great poets and writers as well as Augustus himself, that the rise of a new facet of Roman literature was possible. Seeing the opportunity to foster a great rebirth of Roman culture (specifically literature), Augustus and his closest advisor Maecenas created a situation advantageous for the great writers of the time to write (for the government) and profit from their skills. Augustus genuinely wanted lasting peace and a solid foundation for his new government, and so he es sentially helped out the writers who in turn, indirectly helped him. The great literature was not pure propaganda for Augustus (although it was a little biased towards him) but from this revival of Roman identity through a revolution in literature, Augustus was able to ensure a great deal of peace, pride, prosperity, and power from his people and respect from the rest of the ancient world. The great literary resurgence of the Augustan Age would not have been possible without the great writers of the time. Some of the most influential, persuasive, and powerful writing emerged out of Caesar’s murder, the civil wars, and the peace thereafter. Virgil was the first to begin the literary explosion as he claimed a classic Greek style of ... ...d evolution of society in Rome, Ovid tore literature’s power, and his own success, to shreds. Although it ultimately came to an end, the Augustan Age created some of the most influential, powerful, and beautiful works of western literature of all time. The environment created by Augustus and Maecenas, the unfathomable skills of the writers and their willingness to adventure, explore, and take risks, to benefit Roman culture led to (probably) the greatest collection of literature the western world has ever seen. Works Cited Wikimedia Foundation. â€Å"Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.† Last Updated: May 21, 2004. Date Visited: May 20, 2004. Wheelock, Frederic M. 6th Edition Wheelock’s Latin. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 2000. Conte, Gian B. Latin Literature: A History. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1994.

Is Sex Good for Our Health

When you're in the mood, it's a sure bet that the last thing on your mind is boosting your immune system or maintaining a healthy weight. Yet good sex offers those health benefits and more. That's a surprise to many people, says Joy Davidson, PhD, a New York psychologist and sex therapist. â€Å"Of course, sex is everywhere in the media,† she says. â€Å"But the idea that we are vital, sexual creatures is still looked at in some cases with disgust or in other cases a bit of embarrassment. So to really take a look at how our sexuality adds to our life and enhances our life and our health, both physical and psychological, is eye-opening for many people.† Sex does a body good in a number of ways, according to Davidson and other experts. The benefits aren't just anecdotal or hearsay — each of these 10 health benefits of sex is backed by scientific scrutiny. Among the benefits of healthy loving in a relationship: Sex-Drive Killers Slideshow 1. Sex Relieves Stress A big health benefit of sex is lower blood pressure and overall stress reduction, according to researchers from Scotland who reported their findings in the journal Biological Psychology. They studied 24 women and 22 men who kept records of their sexual activity. Then the researchers subjected them to stressful situations — such as speaking in public and doing verbal arithmetic — and noted their blood pressure response to stress. Those who had intercourse had better responses to stress than those who engaged in other sexual behaviors or abstained. Another study published in the same journal found that frequent intercourse was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure in cohabiting participants. Yet other research found a link between partner hugs and lower blood pressure in women. 2. Sex Boosts Immunity Good sexual health may mean better physical health. Having sex once or twice a week has been linked with higher levels of an antibody called immunoglobulin A or IgA, which can protect you from getting colds and other infections. Scientists at Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., took samples of saliva, which contain IgA, from 112 college students who reported the frequency of sex they had. Those in the â€Å"frequent† group — once or twice a week — had higher levels of IgA than those in the other three groups — who reported being abstinent, having sex less than once a week, or having it very often, three or more times weekly. 3. Sex Burns Calories Thirty minutes of sex burns 85 calories or more. It may not sound like much, but it adds up: 42 half-hour sessions will burn 3,570 calories, more than enough to lose a pound. Doubling up, you could drop that pound in 21 hour-long sessions. â€Å"Sex is a great mode of exercise,† says Patti Britton, PhD, a Los Angeles sexologist and president of the American Association of Sexuality Educators and Therapists. It takes work, from both a physical and psychological perspective, to do it well, she says.

How to write a good essay (technology related) Essay

What are the long term effects of living in a technological world? Are these negative or positive? Are the children now under 12 growing up in a different world than their older college age siblings? How is it different and what does that mean for them? What is the most important new technology for solving world problems? How has social media helped solve and create problems in countries outside the U.S.? Will governments like China continue to be able to control access to the Internet and social media among their citizens? How does social media, texting, cell phones and the Internet make the world bigger? Smaller? What are the implications of ever increasing globalization through technology to our global economy? Technology is moving so quickly that we are frequently using computers, software programs and other technologies that have frustrating glitches and problems. Is there a solution? How does our experience of social interactions with other humans influence the way we interact with machines? When does it become morally wrong to genetically engineer your child? What are new ways people can use digital tools to change the world? How is digital learning going to change schools and education? Does the Internet need controls or censorship? What kind? Do digital tools make us more or less productive at work? To what extent is the development of new technologies having a negative effect on us? How will technology developments change our lives in 20 years? Should people get an identity chip implanted under their skin? Should people in all countries have equal access to technological developments? Can video gaming really help solve world problems? (see video) How our our brains different than a computer? (see video) Is Organic food really better for you than genetically modified foods? What are genetically modified food technologies able to do? How does this compare with traditional plant breeding methods? Should genetically modified food technologies be used to solve hunger and nutritional issues in poorer nations? Since it is now possible to sequence human genes to find out information about possible future heath risks, is that something everyone should have done? What are the advantages or disadvantages? If people have genetic testing, who has the right to that information? Should health care companies and employers have access to that information. If parents have genetic information about their children, when and how should they share it with the child? What sort of genetic information should parents seek to get about their children and how might this influence raising that child? Would having cars that drive themselves be a good or bad idea? How might travel in the future be different? Should information technologies and Internet availability make work from home the norm?

Private University of Bd

Private Universities of Bangladesh: a Curse or a Blessing for the economy INTRODUCTION: Education is the basic need for socio-economic transformation and advancement of a country. It is the prime ingredient of human resource development. With over 143 million people, Bangladesh is the eighth largest in the world in population. It is also one of the most densely populated countries and endowed with limited natural resources.The total size of the student population in Bangladesh is around 29 million which is about 20% of the total population (143 million). (http://www. ukti. gov. uk/export/countries/asiapacific/southasia/bangladesh/sectorbriefing/356900. html)Highest allocations for education in the national budgets during the nineties (90’s) show that the government has attached topmost priority to human resource development though education. The goal of ‘Education for All' is being vigorously pursued in the country. (http://www. iscoverybangladesh. com/meetbangladesh/edu cation. html) A recent addition to the higher education system in Bangladesh is the emergence of the private universities. Although private universities existed in other countries for long, the first private university in Bangladesh did not make its appearance till 1992. A law titled ‘Private University Act of Bangladesh’ was passed in the National Parliament in 1992 and the first private university of the country, the North South University, started functioning in the same year.Today the country has 56 such private universities where approximately 1, 24,267 students pursue their studies in subjects ranging from business to fashion design and media studies. (http://www. belcampus. org/higher-education-in-the-21st-century-bangladesh. html) Objectives: http://www. international. ac. uk/resources/ROLE%20OF%20PRIVATE%20UNIVERSITIES%20IN%20HUMAN%20RESOURCE%20Development%20in%20Bangladesh. pdf

Documentary movie that investigates health care in the United States Essay

Sicko is a documentary movie that investigates health care in the United States which focus on the people who are covered by their health insurance and others who are not covered at all . The film show the difference between the United States health insurance system with the universal health care systems of Canada the United Kingdom, France and Cuba . There are nearly 50 million Americans without health care insurance in the United States alone and 18,000 Americans will die simply because they’re uninsured. Moore talks to one person who lost his two fingers with a power saw and realizes he would need twelve-thousand dollars to save one and sixty-thousand dollars to save the other. Since he had no health insurance to save both of his fingers, he decided to keep paid the twelve thousand dollars for his ring finger. On February 17, 1971, Richard Nixon met with John Ehrlichman to discuss the Vice President’s position on health maintenance organizations and the next day, Nixon called for a â€Å"new national health strategy† that had four points for expanding the proliferation of health maintenance organizations, The United States was ranked number 37 as a health system by the World Health Organization.. Health care in Canada is to, completely free and Canadians live three years longer than Americas . That due to their quick services at the Emergency room and doctors office. Tommy Douglas, who pioneered Canada’s health care system, was heralded as most the nation’s singular most important person to help Canada Health Insurance .Moore follows a young American woman as she crosses north over the U.S.-Canada border and to obtain health insurance by marring a close friend who is Canadian. And one man say that he had to come back to Canada after enduring an pain injury in Florida because in Canada his treatment would be free. The health care system in Great Britain is free was well. After losing 42,000 civilians in eight months during a vicious bombing†¦

Palliative Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Palliative Care - Essay Example Legal consideration According to the South Australia advance care-directives act 2013, impaired decision-making capability is one of the major legal considerations during the care of a patient with a life-limiting illness. According to the impaired decision-making capacity act (section 7), a person is taken to be impaired in decision making if either the person is not capable of understanding any information that may be relevant to decision or is incapable of retaining an information made (South Australia. 2013, pp. 10-34). In relation to the case, Mr. Martin Cavanagh was considered having a normal decision-making capacity despite presenting with a terminal illness. This is because the patient was well oriented to time, space and person and could make viable decisions. In relation to the patent refusal of service operation guideline, (SAAS, 2013, p.1), an adult aged 16 years and above has the right to refuse treatment if he/she feels the treatment is either not beneficial or leads to harm. According to this concept, Mr. Martin Cavanagh had a right to refuse treatment. The patient in this instance has a right to choose a place for care provision like in his/her home or at a hospice. Refusal of health care services is a provision of the advanced care directive. Ethical considerations Autonomy is a crucial ethical consideration in the management of a patient with a life-limiting condition. At all instances, when the patient is capable of making his/her decisions, the right to autonomy must always be observed.

Comparing Othello to Genji. What kind of heroes were they What made Essay

Comparing Othello to Genji. What kind of heroes were they What made them different than the heroes that we studied before them - Essay Example This leads him to kill Desdemona, his wife, as well as himself towards the end. (Shakespeare, William) On the other hand, the Tale of Genji, written by Murasaki Shikibu is a masterpiece and great contribution to both Japanese as well as world literature. It has been recalled as one of the first novels ever written in the world, in fiction. It presents a very realistic view of life through the actions and characteristics of a young man by the name of Genji. It has been set during the time of aristocracy in Japan as Genji was the son of an Emperor. It is a play centred around the romantic life that he led with the love of his life, and the complications of societal pressure that are sought upon people with time and human bondage. (Murasaki, Shikibu) The two characters of Othello and Genji have quite a number of similarities and differences between them. They can be compared and contrasted against and with each other on the basis of a number of traits that they possess. Both plays have a background of the main protagonist acting out of the passion of love. Othello was madly in love with Desdemona, and Genji, with Lady Fujitsubo and later Murasaki. However, Othello has been constant in his love for his woman; despite him being posted far away from her,he tried to keep the flame alive within himself, in hopes of soon being able to meet with his Lady love. However, Iago changed his mind with time regarding her character and personality and made him believe that she was indeed a woman that engaged in adultery with other men, and that she could not really love someone. Genji, however, understood love as he matured from a boy to a man. He was first in love with the Lady and this love was forbidden. It made him want it even more and soon she bears his son. In the meantime, he falls in love with a number of different women as he pleases, and seduces a number of them, leading them on and making them believe that they have a shot in being his wife. As compared to Othello, t hus, Genji does not come off as a character that would die for the love of his life during this point in his life. He was a young man who was hell bent on enjoying the frivolous pursuits of life; he proves through Murasaki’s writings that the young royals at the time in Japan had no qualms about whether or not their decisions were affecting other people or the rest of the country, they only wanted to do whatever pleased them, and in this case, it involved randomly involving oneself with different women. Towards the end of both the plays however, both characters witness the emotion and feeling of what death is and how it dawns upon a person when it happens to a loved one. Genji realizes that his true love was only for Murasaki, and when she dies, his memories of her begin to haunt him. He then is able to comprehend how fleeting his entire life was and how easily time just passed him by. He understands that he did not give her enough time even though she was his wife, and that he should have told her that he loved her while he still had the chance. Othello too, was forced by his own emotions to undergo the pain and trauma of the death of a loved one. (Penguin Reading Guides) He was overpowered by the force of his own emotions and feelings to kill Desdemona because he was made to believe that she was having an affair with one of the soldiers in his army. The jealousy that erupts within the man threatens to ruin his life and also subsequently ruins the image of

The life of moises from his birth until he gave joshua control of the Term Paper

The life of moises from his birth until he gave joshua control of the israelites - Term Paper Example Because Moses led the people of Israel out of bondage, and this was helped along with a series of miracles, Moses deserves the moniker of being the greatest leader of all time. The Life of Moses According to Feldman (2007), at the time that Moses was born, around 1592 B.C. by the Christian calendar, and 1391 B.C. by the Jewish calendar, the Pharaoh was afraid of an Israelite revolution against him, so he ordered that all the male infants be put to death. That said, Feldman (2007) cites scholars who question this, stating that it does not make sense that the Pharaoh would order this, as Israelites were important as slaves to the Egyptians, and males, especially, were important, because they were stronger and could do more work than the females could. That said, the Bible, in Exodus 1:10, according to Feldman (2007), clearly states that the Pharaoh was afraid that the Israelites were getting too numerous, and that they would try to take over the country. Therefore, to hide Moses from t he Pharaoh’s edict regarding Israelite male children, Moses’ family decided to put him in a basket and float him down the river, where the Pharaoh’s daughter was, as she had decided to go to the river to bathe at this time. She sent her maidservant to pick up the basket, and she rescued Moses out of the river (Feldman, 45). According to Cohen (2007), Moses, because of the circumstances of his birth and adoption, was of two different worlds. This was because, even after he was pulled from the river by the Pharaoh’s daughter, he continued to be with his mother while the boy was nursed. As Beegle (1972) notes, the Pharaoh’s daughter had to find a Hebrew woman to nurse the boy, and Moses’ mother presented herself for this task. The Pharaoh’s daughter paid Moses’ mother to nurse him, and the Pharaoh’s daughter adopted the beautiful Moses (p. 52). At this point, according to Cohen, the Biblical story of Moses jumps ahead a few years to the point where Moses has grown up, and decided to visit his own people, the Hebrews (p. 55). At this time, Moses was around 40 years old, so, assuming the Christian calendar, the date was around 1552 B.C. during this event. Cohen (2007) notes that this was a hallmark of leadership, because Moses experienced luxury when he lived with his adoptive mother, the Pharaoh’s daughter, but, as leaders often do, he decided to take on a lifestyle which is more burdensome. This is because he wanted to serve his people and his community. Moreover, Cohen (2007) notes that Moses had an intense desire to connect with his brothers and sisters, and this was another reason why he was driven to visit his birth family. Moses did not see that these people were any different from him, even though he had lived the life of luxury, and this was because he was able to see that his family, and the enslaved Hebrews in general, were his brothers and sisters, his kin (p. 9). As Cohen (2007) note s, because Moses, after visiting his birth family, saw that the Hebrews were his brothers and sisters, he could not stand to see the way that they were treated by the Egyptians. Therefore, he struck down an Egyptian who was beating a Hebrew slave.

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Cloud Computing - Essay Example Cloud computing has the aim of hiding the intricacy of IT infrastructure administration from its users (Bahga & Madisetti, 2014). Simultaneously, the cloud computing platforms offer enormous scalability, 99.999% dependability, and high performance, along with configurability that can be specified. These capabilities are given at relatively low costs when compared to devoted infrastructures (Erl, Puttini & Mahmood, 2013). I present an impression of Eveready’s cloud services as well as pricing to be employed in the calculations. Eveready has two appropriate cloud computing services. Foremost, Eveready gives the Elastic Computing Cloud service. This platform charges every hour a running instance, and it provides examples with diverse compute power as well as memory (Bahga & Madisetti, 2014). This application meets the criteria for an excellent application in this course. To begin with, I am interested in the application. As an IT manager, I realize that the cloud computing was maybe the single most significant finding this century in my field. As a man database administrator, I am as well intensely interested in the challenges and successes faced by other men scientists. Second, in juxtaposition with EC2, Eveready will provide the Elastic Block Store (EBS) service. This service gives reliable and unrelenting storage with a high IO performance. EBS rates per GB of storage as well as for each million IO transactions. Eveready will also offer the Simple Storage Service (S3). This is a service to provide access via web services to unrelenting data kept in buckets (one-level of directories) together with meta-data (key/value pairs). S3 rates per GB of storage as well as HTTP requests relating to it. Persistent FS will offer a POSIX-compliant file system by means of S3 and is debatably less costly than EBS for largely

U2 Are you listening Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

U2 Are you listening - Coursework Example Agents can place customers on hold only when they have to consult for a solution to challenging customer inquiries. When taking a message, the agents should forward the message to the floor supervisor in charge, who presents it to the appropriate department or individual. The technique used to measure an individual’s telephone skills is through monitoring. Since all calls are recorded, the supervisors randomly select an individual’s recording, after which they analyze the skills to determine whether they meet the organizational expectations. The interviewee evaluates his performance by gauging reactions from the customer. The interviewee believes that the training offered by the company is vital for improving their customer service skills. The habit he has developed over time is to be patient when listening to customer inquiries. Patience is necessary for calming some of the irate customers, which eventually makes them confident with the services the company offers. To conclude, it would be essential to consider training call-center employees in order to improve their telephone skills. Additionally, monitoring their performance is not only necessary for optimizing individual performance but also assists in enhancing service delivery (Coen, 2001). These invaluable elements help in implementing and evaluating the organization’s quality assurance practices. A recommendation that would benefit the company is that they should consider training the call center agents frequently. This deliberation will allow the employees to refresh their telephone skills and to evaluate their individual performance (Coen, 2001). It might also be beneficial if the supervisors or managers could identify the imperfections of each agent through the recordings. The identification will enable them to determine the best way to assist the affected person, which will be beneficial to the entire

Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reconstruction - Essay Example The above mentioned scenario, as well as the events that followed in the attempted reconstruction of the American South by the Republican Party, were catalogued by several historians, with each historian instilling their own perspective into their recording of events. For the purposes of this paper an elucidation of the views of the views of four historians and their texts will be provided. These include: Reconstruction by Thomas Wilson, The Negro in Reconstruction by Carter Woodson, The Ordeal of Reconstruction by Thomas A. Bailey, and Reconstruction: Unfinished Revolution by Mary Beth Norton. Overview The views expressed by the different authors are to an extent the products of their particular time and prevalent historical school of thought and as such are reflective of it in terms of the language used. Each text is also characterized by the amount of words dedicated to each issue depending on the particular perspective of each author. Wilson is generally extremely critical of the Northern carpetbaggers and derisory of the competence of the â€Å"negroes† while being wholly sympathetic to the plight of the Southern White. Woodson on the other hand, is focused primarily on the role of the â€Å"Negroe† and in attempting to absolve him of the corruption and mismanagement that plagued the era. Bailey highlights the incompetence and illiteracy of the â€Å"negroes† while painting a bleak picture of the government and policies of time, keeping in line with the other authors. Norton, is perhaps the only author to portray reconstruction and the Northern immigrants in a positive light, while being highly critical of the role of the Southern White gentry. Carpet Baggers Thomas Wilson in his piece Reconstruction places the blame for the failure of reconstruction solely on the carpetbaggers or opportunistic Northern immigrants and dedicates the majority of the piece to the exploitative activities of the above. Wilson states: â€Å"These men, mere â€Å"carpet baggers† for the most part, who brought nothing with them, and had nothing to bring but a change of clothing and their wits, became the new masters of the blacks.† Wilson’s implication here is that all Northern immigrants were â€Å"carpet baggers†, individuals who had little wealth to offer the South and instead came to exploit its resources. There is no mention of Northerners who may have possibly arrived to assist in the improvement of the conditions of African Americans. Another inference that can be drawn from the above statement is that Wilson had beliefs that the â€Å"carpet baggers† were perpetuating the system of slavery, albeit indirectly by manipulating the â€Å"blacks. Carter Woodson while taking a critical view of the role of the â€Å"carpet baggers† also accepts that some of them did have principled intentions: Referring to the â€Å"carpet baggers† he states: â€Å"They were in many respects selfish men , but not always utterly lacking in principle.† However, he does acknowledge that much of wholesale corruption during the era was a result of the greed of the â€Å"carpet baggers†: â€Å"Being adventurers and interested in their own affairs, the carpet baggers became unusually corrupt in certain states.† Thomas Bailey is for the most part silent on the role of â€Å"carpet baggers† but he does state: â€Å"Graft and theft ran wild, especially in states like Louisiana and South Carolina,

Discussion 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion 10 - Essay Example e a model to guide practice because of need for consistency in problem solution and possible efficiency that follows repeated application of a particular model. Consistency is necessary for reliability because models have different elements and procedures that could initiate differences in results. Identifying and relying on a single model however resolves this and allows for a basis for comparisons. Repeated application of a model also ensures competence in its application for better accurate evidence. The four models are similar in their methodology to evidence based practice in that they are structured. The Stetler model has five major steps: â€Å"preparation,† â€Å"validation,† â€Å"comparative evaluation,† â€Å"application,† and â€Å"evaluation† (Profetto-McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010, p. 376, 377). The IOWA model identifies such steps as recognizing triggers, evaluating priority, identification of problem, and implementation of a change (Profetto-McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010). Despite existence of well-defined methodologies in the models, each model has its specific procedure and this establishes the models’ differences (Profetto-McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010; Ackley, 2008). The models are also suitable for different areas of specialization. While the IOWA model is suitable for practice in areas with limited evidence, John Hopkins models is suitable for scientific research and Rosswurn & Larrabee model is suitable for acute care sc enarios (Rempher, 2006). In selecting a model in a setting, I would consider suitability of the model for the setting and complexity of the problem. This is because the factors are significant to successful intepratation of evidence (Profetto-McGrath, Polit, & Beck, 2010). Rempher, K. (2006). Putting theory into practice: Six steps to success. American Nurse Today. Retrieved from:

Hebrew Wisdom Essay Example for Free

Hebrew Wisdom Essay The book of Proverbs can be very useful to its readers when in need of wisdom or helpful insight. Everyday people are forced to make life choices—good or bad. The book of Proverbs covers various issues and topics that can be found useful when making any decision. Whether it is an issue of marriage, sexuality, wealth, poverty, guarding the tongue, dealing with emotions, or many more, Proverbs paints a vivid picture of what both the right path and the wrong path have in store. The book of Proverbs â€Å"presents a vivid contrast between the life of wisdom and the life of folly† (Hindson and Yates 263). Proverbs is God’s manual to His people on how to live a life that is pleasing to Him. Throughout the book of Proverbs, readers will see the words diligence and laziness multiple times. These words correspond with the contrast between wisdom and folly because diligence is the result of wisdom and laziness is the result of folly. Towards the beginning of the book of Proverbs one verse in particular tells its readers clearly where the root of gaining wisdom and diligence is at: â€Å"The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and discipline† (New International Version, Prov. 1.7). All wisdom comes from fearing the Lord. This type of fear is not a fear of terror but rather a fear of awe and reverence. By having a respect for God, His children should want to please Him, which would result in considering the outcome in every decision being made. When people make wise choices it results in diligence, peace of mind, wealth (literally or spiritually), and gaining more knowledge. In contrast, foolish decisions bring about destruction, fear, laziness, and much more. Throughout Proverbs readers will repeatedly see warnings against laziness and rewards for diligence: â€Å"Diligent hands will rule, but laziness ends in slave labor† (Prov. 12.24). There is a theme throughout Proverbs repeatedly stating the benefits of diligence and the consequences of laziness. These  principles tie into wisdom and folly because when being wise, people will be wise with their time and are on the path to be continually growing in themselves and in the Lord. The reward in being diligent is an overflow of blessings â€Å"The blessings of the Lord brings wealth, and he adds no trouble to it† (Prov. 10.22). When being foolish people do not recognize the preciousness of time. In being selfish, they do not understand that their lack of action affects others†¦or they do not seem to care. When not walking with God and depending on our own abilities and understanding, people will miss out on the rewards of diligence. â€Å"He who trusts in himself is a fool, but he who walks in wisdom is kept safe† (Prov. 28.26). When reading the book of Proverbs, readers will find the book to be overflowing with wise instructions on how to live a life that glorifies God. Big or small, Proverbs offers many wise words and teachings for every situation people walk through in life. Whatever circumstance someone is going through the book of Proverbs gives helpful insight on how to wisely navigate life. Throughout the book of Proverbs readers will see a pattern of the rewards that diligence reaps and the natural consequences one must face when being lazy. This compares to the contrast between wisdom and folly in that when being wise in all one does, there will be a multitude of blessings and rewards. â€Å"†¦Get wisdom, discipline and understanding† (Prov. 23.23b). Just like when being lazy, when one is foolish there will be some unpleasant consequences in hopes that a lesson will be learned the next time around. â€Å"A wise man fears the Lord and shuns evil, but a fool is hotheaded and reckless† (Prov. 14.16). Works Cited Hindson, Ed, and Gary, Yates. The Essence of the Old Testament: A Survey. Nashville: BH Publishing Group, n.d. Print. New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, n.d. Print.